Across the planet, high-speed highways in the central regions of the cities have been gradually turned off and replaced by alternatives not only more efficient, but also more environmentally friendly.
Is what points the Death Life study of Urban Highways, whose Portuguese version was presented last week by the Institute of transport Development Policy (ITDP Brazil) and EMBARQ Brazil.
The document, originally published in English in 2012, points to the world-wide trend of removal of expressways in urban centres.
According to the study, the deactivation of high-speed tracks and car traffic in the city centre takes place:
1. The high cost for maintenance, rebuilding and repair;
2. Due to degradation of the surrounding areas, isolation and depreciation of buildings;
3. To make room for the urban development of degraded areas;
4. To ensure accessibility to the banks of watercourses in urban areas;
5. By efficiency (highways work well for traffic over long distances and high speed, but are less efficient for other modal urban transport, such as bus lanes, for example).
In place of the expansion and broadening of avenues for cars and opening of tunnels, viaducts and flyover/overpass, mayors have bet more and more investment in public transport as a solution to congestion.
The report points out that the predominant thinking in town planning during the last century that, to to improve the transit, is enough to expand the road system infrastructure, just was overcome in good part from the planet. According to the study, it is better to expand and subsidize mass transit systems than opening more space for movement of individual vehicles.
Despite the tendency, in some cities the urban highway construction and expansion of avenues is still regarded as the main solution to the transit - in Brazil, including.
Among the main environmental impacts of urban highways are from the concentration of pollution, which affects the health of the general population, until the formation of heat islands.
According to organizers, the objective of this study is to question the use of the automobile as the main actor of mobility in cities and show that, to prioritize people, cities become more vivid, active and healthy.
Information from the study were organized by Date Cities on a map.
[There is a map (on the link shown above), where you click each of the five examples shown to learn more and use the zoom to see satellite images of each of the regions mentioned in the study].
Source of information:
The report is available in Portuguese and in English.
In addition to the main examples provided on a map produced on the basis of the information of the study, the document presents also for similar cases in other cities: Berlin, Boston, Louisville, Milwaukee, New Haven, New Orleans, New York 1 and 2, Oklahoma City, Paris 1, 2 and 3, Portland, San Francisco 1 and 2, Seattle, Seoul 1 and 2, Syracuse and Toronto.
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