ICLF - INTEGRATED CROP LIVESTOCK FOREST

https://youtu.be/dPk8tFXe9_I

COLOMBIA: NEW AREAS OF COCA CROP

Reproduced from Colombia cocaine: UN reports record coca crop https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-63339203

Last year the area of coca cultivation expanded to a vast 204,000 hectares (504,100 acres). Colombia is already the world's largest cocaine producer. It is the highest figure since the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) began collecting such data in 2001. Colombian President Gustavo Petro has called the war on drugs a failure. Instead, the newly elected left-wing leader wants to regulate the industry and expand programmes to substitute illegal crops, BBC South America correspondent Katy Watson reports. Most of Colombia's cocaine heads to Europe and the United States, which is the world's largest consumer of the drug. For years Colombia has struggled to get farmers to move away from coca production, but promises to provide incentives and subsidies have not materialised, our correspondent says. […]Threat to biodiversity The UNODC says coca cultivation continues to threaten Colombia's biodiversity, contributing to deforestation. About half the coca plantations are in special land management zones, including forest reserves. Aerial spraying to get rid of the crops was suspended in 2015 after a court ruled that the herbicide used - glyphosate - could cause cancer and pollute the land. […]

GOOD NEWS FOR WILDLIFE IN EUROPE!

Reproduced from THE GUARDIAN: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/27/wolves-and-brown-bears-among-wildlife-make-exciting-comeback-in-europe-aoe?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

Wolves, brown bears and white-tailed eagles are among the top predators making a comeback across Europe, according to a major report that looks at how some wildlife is rebounding. Researchers analysed data on 50 wildlife species whose population size and geographical distribution have expanded over the past 40 years to show how effective legal protection, habitat restoration and reintroductions can drive species recovery. “The vast majority have recovered thanks to human efforts,” said Louise McRae from the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), who was one of the authors of the European Wildlife Comeback report, commissioned by Rewilding Europe. “As a researcher working on global biodiversity and looking at global trends, it can be quite depressing hearing the latest statistics, but this report is really exciting, encouraging and inspires people like me to keep doing what we’re doing.” The grey wolf has been the fastest to return among carnivores. For centuries they were killed by humans, until a low-point during the 1970s when there were only a few populations hanging on in pockets of south and north-eastern Europe. Since the introduction of legislation to protect them, and more public tolerance of living alongside them, numbers have increased by 1,800%. There are 17,000 individuals roaming almost all of continental Europe, with calls to reintroduce them to Britain too. There are 12,500 pairs of white-tailed eagles soaring over much of Europe, with growing populations on the west coast of Scotland and the Isle of Wight. Across Europe, there has been a 445% increase in numbers between 1970 and 2018, mainly thanks to legal protection and the banning of damaging pesticides. Since 1960, populations of brown bears have increased by 44%, driven by better legal protection, although persecution is still a big risk and human-bear conflicts continue. “Coexistence with species like carnivores is still a challenge, but attitudes are changing – we’re still learning about ways to live alongside these species,” said McRae. [Other 'come backs' access the link on top]

'BRAVE NEW NATURE'?!

Five major El Niño events per century could lead to fewer fishes that thrive in cold water and more terrestrial birds in eastern coastal ecosystems. (Margaret Osborne) As climate change continues to intensify, some scientists predict La Niña and El Niño events, opposing climate patterns that recur in the Pacific Ocean, will become stronger and more frequent, leading to shifting hurricane patterns, flooding, and droughts. Already this century, the Earth is on track for a “triple dip” of three consecutive La Niña events, which researchers say may worsen drought in the Horn of Africa and southern South America, and lead to increased rainfall in Southeast Asia and Australasia. How exactly these more intense events will affect life on Earth in the future is unknown, but researchers at the University of Utah are looking to the past for answers. In a study published September 8 in Science, the team used animal fossils and human artifacts from the past 12,000 years to identify an “ecological tipping point” of five moderate-to-strong El Niño events in eastern coastal ecosystems—that is, after five such El Niño events within a century, populations of marine and terrestrial birds and marine fishes began to shift. group of people standing on rock outcropping with ocean in distance HomeNews & Opinion Repeated El Niño Events Could Spark Big Ecological Shifts Five major El Niño events per century could lead to fewer fishes that thrive in cold water and more terrestrial birds in eastern coastal ecosystems. Margaret Osborne Margaret Osborne Sep 19, 2022 PDF VERSION 19 ABOVE: The research team at the excavation site ISAAC HART As climate change continues to intensify, some scientists predict La Niña and El Niño events, opposing climate patterns that recur in the Pacific Ocean, will become stronger and more frequent, leading to shifting hurricane patterns, flooding, and droughts. Already this century, the Earth is on track for a “triple dip” of three consecutive La Niña events, which researchers say may worsen drought in the Horn of Africa and southern South America, and lead to increased rainfall in Southeast Asia and Australasia. How exactly these more intense events will affect life on Earth in the future is unknown, but researchers at the University of Utah are looking to the past for answers. In a study published September 8 in Science, the team used animal fossils and human artifacts from the past 12,000 years to identify an “ecological tipping point” of five moderate-to-strong El Niño events in eastern coastal ecosystems—that is, after five such El Niño events within a century, populations of marine and terrestrial birds and marine fishes began to shift. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a recurring climate pattern made up of three cycles: El Niño, La Niña and ENSO neutral. During an El Niño event, east-to-west trade winds weaken or reverse, waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean heat up, and this area sees increased rainfall. Globally, El Niño usually results in higher than average temperatures and a less active hurricane season in the Atlantic. Off the coast of Baja California, El Niño decreases nutrient upwelling, reduces marine biomass and increases precipitation, write anthropologist Daniel Sandweiss and climate scientist Kirk Maasch in a perspective article about the study. In contrast, La Niña usually causes lower than average temperatures across the world and cooler ocean temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific. During La Niña, the easterly winds along the equator blow faster and hurricanes become stronger and more frequent in the Atlantic. group of people standing on rock outcropping with ocean in distance HomeNews & Opinion Repeated El Niño Events Could Spark Big Ecological Shifts Five major El Niño events per century could lead to fewer fishes that thrive in cold water and more terrestrial birds in eastern coastal ecosystems. Margaret Osborne Margaret Osborne Sep 19, 2022 PDF VERSION 19 ABOVE: The research team at the excavation site ISAAC HART As climate change continues to intensify, some scientists predict La Niña and El Niño events, opposing climate patterns that recur in the Pacific Ocean, will become stronger and more frequent, leading to shifting hurricane patterns, flooding, and droughts. Already this century, the Earth is on track for a “triple dip” of three consecutive La Niña events, which researchers say may worsen drought in the Horn of Africa and southern South America, and lead to increased rainfall in Southeast Asia and Australasia. How exactly these more intense events will affect life on Earth in the future is unknown, but researchers at the University of Utah are looking to the past for answers. In a study published September 8 in Science, the team used animal fossils and human artifacts from the past 12,000 years to identify an “ecological tipping point” of five moderate-to-strong El Niño events in eastern coastal ecosystems—that is, after five such El Niño events within a century, populations of marine and terrestrial birds and marine fishes began to shift. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a recurring climate pattern made up of three cycles: El Niño, La Niña and ENSO neutral. During an El Niño event, east-to-west trade winds weaken or reverse, waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean heat up, and this area sees increased rainfall. Globally, El Niño usually results in higher than average temperatures and a less active hurricane season in the Atlantic. Off the coast of Baja California, El Niño decreases nutrient upwelling, reduces marine biomass and increases precipitation, write anthropologist Daniel Sandweiss and climate scientist Kirk Maasch in a perspective article about the study. In contrast, La Niña usually causes lower than average temperatures across the world and cooler ocean temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific. During La Niña, the easterly winds along the equator blow faster and hurricanes become stronger and more frequent in the Atlantic. Because of the effects of El Niño on ocean temperatures and rainfall, study coauthor Jack Broughton, an anthropologist at the University of Utah, hypothesized that some animals—terrestrial birds such as quails and meadowlarks—would thrive more under El Niño conditions, while marine birds would suffer. Similarly, populations of fishes that do well in colder water, like kelp bass and rockfish, would likely decline during El Niño events, while fishes that prefer warmer water or can live under varying conditions would increase. To test this idea, the team identified 18,623 specimens that had been excavated from a site called Abrigo de los Escorpiones in Baja California, Mexico, matching each tiny bone fragment to a reference collection of all known species in the area. The work was laborious—researchers began the process 14 years ago, in 2008.

‘ONCE UPON A TIME’…THERE WAS A HUGE RIVER FLOWING THROUGH SEVERAL STATES PROVIDING PLENTY OF WATER FOR LIVES.

Reproduzem from DW (DEUTSCH WELLE) https://youtu.be/zoUb8CkoS0c

RUSSIA BURNING OFF GAS: LESS MONEY IN THEIR GNP. MORE CO2 FOR GLOBAL WARMING! AND LESS ICE IN THE ARTIC.

Climate change: Russia burns off gas as Europe's energy bills rocket https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62652133

"OH MY GOD"!!! THE "FIRST WORLD" DISCHARGING SEWAGE STRAIGHT INTO RIVERS AND THE OCEAN!!!

The UK is threatening health and marine life on the French coast by allowing raw sewage to be dumped in the Channel and North Sea, say three Euro MPs.

Sewage in sea: French appeal to EU over UK discharges of waste https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-62670623

'ONCE UPON A TIME'...THERE WAS PLENTY OF WATER

https://youtu.be/7ZcmLYid5XI

COLTAN FROM AFRICA AND GOLD FROM BRAZIL. PLEASE READ THIS, BEFORE BUYING A NEW SMARTPHONE

COLTAN: a conflict mineral Many investors are no doubt aware of tantalum’s conflict mineral status, so it should come as no surprise that coltan falls under the same banner. There have been reports that neighboring countries in Central Africa, including Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi, have smuggled Congolese coltan from the DRC [Democratic Republic of Congo] to fund war and conflicts in the region, although all countries deny that is the case. A 2001 Amnesty International report states, “By one estimate, the Rwandan army made at least US$250 million over a period of 18 months through the sale of coltan, even though no coltan is mined in Rwanda.” Demand for the technological material has only grown in the almost two decades since. So where does all of this coltan end up? Its path is hard to trace, but regulatory authorities are doing their best to ensure that electronics corporations are not funding conflict in the DRC by buying coltan and thus contributing to human rights violations. However, not all electronics companies are transparent about their supply chains. COLTAN: harmful for gorillas It's worth noting that coltan mining has caused significant destruction of gorilla habitats in the DRC. Gorilla habitats have been reduced as forests are cleared to make way for mining operations, leaving a population of only about 6,800 Grauer's gorillas — the world's largest primate. Mountain gorilla habitats have also been impacted by the illegal coltan-mining and smuggling industry. The ongoing conflict and issues around mining and sourcing coltan have prompted calls to the Congolese government and local leaders to strengthen the conflict minerals law.

Natural resources such as gold and copper are fundamental in the manufacturing process of electronic products. And since these resources are so valuable, there are many illegal mining companies around the world. Unfortunately, it seems that Apple, Google, Microsoft, and Amazon have been buying gold illegally mined in Brazil for their products. The local Brazilian newspaper Repórter Brasil revealed on Monday that these four major tech companies used illegal gold from Brazilian indigenous lands located in the Amazon rainforest. This gold was primarily destined for smartphones and computers from Apple and Microsoft, as well as servers from Google and Amazon. APPLE PRODUCTS: may have gold from illegal miners. Documents seen by the authors of the report confirm that the companies bought gold from the Chimet and Marsam refineries between 2020 and 2021. Both refineries have been under investigation by the Brazilian Federal Police for illegal extraction of natural resources, in addition to several charges related to environmental damage. Although the extraction of natural resources on indigenous lands is prohibited in Brazil, there are several illegal mining companies that extract and sell these resources to other companies around the world. This is because mineral extraction results in deforestation of the Amazon forest and contamination of rivers with mercury. At the same time, the illegal extraction of natural resources also finances organized crime. In Brazil, the number of armed attacks on indigenous peoples has grown considerably in recent years as these mining companies expand their operations Every company listed on the US stock exchange is required to report its natural resource suppliers. However, although Chimet and Marsam are under investigation in Brazil, these refiners are currently certified in the United States and Europe. Although tech companies argue that they use clean materials, it seems that not all of them are really interested in learning where these materials come from.

BEES ARE CLEVER AND SENTIENT (?!)

Reproduced from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jul/16/bees-are-really-highly-intelligent-the-insect-iq-tests-causing-a-buzz-among-scientists?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

They have been revered by the ancient Egyptians, lauded by Shakespeare, feared by Winnie-the-Pooh and, most recently, battled by Rowan Atkinson in the new Netflix hit Man vs Bee. But love or loathe them, you may be surprised to discover just how much bees know. “We now have suggestive evidence that there is some level of conscious awareness in bees – that there is a sentience, that they have emotion-like states,” says Lars Chittka, professor of sensory and behavioural ecology at Queen Mary University of London. Chittka has been studying bees for 30 years and is considered one of the world’s leading experts on bee sensory systems and cognition. In his latest book, The Mind of a Bee, published on 19 July, he argues that bees need our protection, not just because they are useful for crop pollination and biodiversity, but because they may be sentient beings – and humans have an ethical obligation to ensure their survival. “Our work and that of other labs has shown that bees are really highly intelligent individuals. That they can count, recognise images of human faces and learn simple tool use and abstract concepts.” He thinks bees have emotions, can plan and imagine things, and can recognise themselves as unique entities distinct from other bees. He draws these conclusions from experiments in his lab with female worker bees. “Whenever a bee gets something right, she gets a sugar reward. That’s how we train them, for example, to recognise human faces.” In this experiment, bees shown several monochrome images of human faces learn that one is associated with a sugar reward. “Then, we give them a choice of different faces and no rewards, and ask: which do you choose now? And indeed, they can find the correct one out of an array of different faces.” It takes them only a dozen to two dozen training sessions to become “proficient face recognisers”, he said. In the counting experiment, the bees were trained to fly past three identical landmarks to a food source. “After they had reliably flown there, we either increased the number of landmarks over the same distance or decreased it.” When landmarks were spaced closer together, the bees tended to land earlier than before and vice versa when the landmarks were placed further apart. “So they were using the number of landmarks to say: ah ha, I’ve flown far enough, this is a good place to land.” Since the landmarks were identical, he could be sure the bees weren’t identifying a particular one when deciding how far to fly. “They really could get the solution only by counting the number of landmarks.”

CORN PRIMARILY FOR FOOD AND NOT FOR MOVING CARS!!!

Global demand for fuels puts pressure on biofuel generation. Brazil is "a target"!

Ferment corn to fill the tank of this SUV or feed 10 to 20 human beings for a year. "While a ton of sugarcane produces between 70 and 85 liters of ethanol, one tonne of corn can produce between 370 and 460 liters, depending on the quality of the corn, which fluctuates little and is practically free of impurities"; and, unlike sugarcane that needs to be processed right after harvest to generate ethanol, corn can be stored for a certain period before being processed. CORN: IT IS FUNDAMENTALLY FOOD. Corn is the seed of the plant of the species Zea mays. This cereal is one of the most consumed foods in the world (second largest crop), both in human and animal feed. Corn is believed to originate from Central America, a region where Mexico is now, having been cultivated since pre-Columbian times. In Brazil, corn was grown by the Brazilian native people even before the arrival of the Portuguese. Unlike most cereals, corn conserves its bark, rich in fiber. It has a high carbohydrate content and considerable amounts of vitamins B1, E and mineral salts such as iron, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. In the ethanol production chain, it is necessary to include the 'inputs' of the production system, in the same way that it would have been necessary for sugarcane in the generation of ethanol. It is also important to consider environmental costs, like soil degradation, pollution; government, federal and state subsidies.

SORRY! I CAN’T UNDERSTAND! ARE’NT THESE COUNTRIES VERY GOOD FRIENDS?!

Reproduced from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jul/09/us-cruise-ships-using-canada-as-toilet-bowl-for-polluted-waste-alaska-british-columbia?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other Canadian regulations create ‘perverse incentive’ for US cruise ships en route to Alaska to discharge toxic mix of chemicals and wastewater off British Columbia, report says

From the comfort of cruise ships, a typical trip to Alaska offers magnificent views of glaciers and untamed national parks, and visits to quaint seaside towns. For years, these draws have made cruises to Alaska the most booked US holiday.

But the journey to those pristine areas, which involves sailing along Canada’s west coast for two or three days, is leaving behind a trail of toxic waste, including within marine protected areas (MPAs), according to new research. More than 31bn litres (8.5bn US gallons) a year of pollution is estimated to be discharged off the west coast of Canada by cruise ships on their way to and from Alaska, according to a report by the environmental organisations Stand.earth and West Coast Environmental Law (WCEL). Across Canada’s 151,019 mile (243,042km) coastline, ships generate 147bn litres of harmful waste each year, equivalent to 59,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to a March 2022 report by WWF-Canada. Based on data from more than 5,000 vessels, the report found cruise ships were the largest polluters, despite making up only 2% of the marine traffic analysed. Cruise ship pollution includes large volumes of toxic sewage from toilets, greywater from sinks, showers and laundries, and bilge water – the oily liquid that collects at the lowest part of a ship. By far the largest source of pollution identified in the WWF report was from so-called scrubbers – devices installed to remove exhaust gases such as sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide, as well as particulates, from the heavy bunker oil used as marine fuel. The scrubbers create an acidic wastewater containing a cocktail of chemicals. On a one-week trip to Alaska and back along the Canadian coast, a cruise ship will generate nearly 200m litres of waste from scrubbers, according to the Stand.earth and WCEL report. While ships can decide whether to discharge at sea or within a port, most waste from scrubbers is dumped as it is generated. […]continue reading on link shown on top

SOCIAL MEDIA SHOULD BE MORE COOPERATIVE FOR NATURE CONSERVATION

REPRODUCED FROM: (on top of photo below)

Manaus (AM) – Facebook, the Meta conglomerate, was fined R$ 10 million [U$ 1,820,000.00]by the Brazilian Institute of The Environment and Renewable Natural Resources ('IBAMA') for exposing for sale 2,227 specimens of Brazilian native wildlife without the proper permission, license or authorization of the competent environmental authority. A dossier of the National Network to Combat the Trafficking of Wild Animals (Renctas), carried out from a scientific study in partnership with the University of Northumbria in the United Kingdom, served as the basis for ibama's action. The study monitored groups on Facebook and Whatsapp (which is also part of the meta company), from the end of 2020 to the beginning of 2022. During this period, more than four million messages were cataloged by the institution to identify patterns and trends of the illegal online market of wild animals in Brazil. According to the dossier, 1,682 wild animals were registered for sale, and a total of U$127,272.00 moved. Renctas had already tried to contact Facebook for the posts to be deleted, denouncing the sale by the means offered by the platform. Without any return, Renctas sent the result of the dossier to Ibama. About 500 prints of Messages on Facebook and 500 prints of messages on WhatsApp were sent to the agency. […] "They often use the unfavorable socioeconomic conditions of communities in regions of great biological diversity to co-opt people. Dealers buy or trade these animals by bargaining for food, clothing. It is a social problem that we have on the basis of wildlife trafficking",according to Dener Giovanini, Renctas general-coordinator. According to the data collected by the study, among the most commercialized animals are reptiles (44%) and birds (40%). There is also commercialization of exotic species (19%), a fact that draws attention because they are species that do not occur naturally in Brazil. The screenshots provided by Renctas show animals such as macaws, spiders, snakes, owls and iguanas. […]

COSTS OF AMAZON PRESERVATION

https://www.perspectecolconserv.com/en-minimum-costs-conserve-80-brazilian-avance-S253006442200027X?referer=buscador HIGHLIGHTS: • Conserving ∼80% of the Brazilian Amazon is still feasible • Conservation areas are essential for a new regional development model • The cost of establishing.1.3 million km2 of new conservation areas is USD 1.0–1.6 billion • The annual cost of 3.5 million km2 of conservation areas is USD 1.7–2.8 billion • A new ambitious, decentralized, and agile fund mechanism is required

GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES CHOOSE TO BLAME GLOBAL CLIMATE CONSEQUENCES

Reproduced from THE GUARDIAN:

COMMUNITY GARDEN IN A POOR DISTRICT OF RIO DE JANEIRO

https://youtu.be/78W04nSpxSE

MICROPLASTICS IN HUMAN BLOOD!

Reproduced from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/24/microplastics-found-in-human-blood-for-first-time?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

Microplastic pollution has been detected in human blood for the first time, with scientists finding the tiny particles in almost 80% of the people tested. The discovery shows the particles can travel around the body and may lodge in organs. The impact on health is as yet unknown. But researchers are concerned as microplastics cause damage to human cells in the laboratory and air pollution particles are already known to enter the body and cause millions of early deaths a year. Huge amounts of plastic waste are dumped in the environment and microplastics now contaminate the entire planet, from the summit of Mount Everest to the deepest oceans. People were already known to consume the tiny particles via food and water as well as breathing them in, and they have been found in the faeces of babies and adults. The scientists analysed blood samples from 22 anonymous donors, all healthy adults and found plastic particles in 17. Half the samples contained PET plastic, which is commonly used in drinks bottles, while a third contained polystyrene, used for packaging food and other products. A quarter of the blood samples contained polyethylene, from which plastic carrier bags are made. “Our study is the first indication that we have polymer particles in our blood – ​it’s a breakthrough result,” said Prof Dick Vethaak, an ecotoxicologist at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. “But we have to extend the research and increase the sample sizes, the number of polymers assessed, etc.” Further studies by a number of groups are already under way, he said. “It is certainly reasonable to be concerned,” Vethaak told the Guardian. “The particles are there and are transported throughout the body.” He said previous work had shown that microplastics were 10 times higher in the faeces of babies compared with adults and that babies fed with plastic bottles are swallowing millions of microplastic particles a day. “We also know in general that babies and young children are more vulnerable to chemical and particle exposure,” he said. “That worries me a lot.” The new research is published in the journal Environment International and adapted existing techniques to detect and analyse particles as small as 0.0007mm. Some of the blood samples contained two or three types of plastic. The team used steel syringe needles and glass tubes to avoid contamination, and tested for background levels of microplastics using blank samples. Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic varied considerably between the blood samples. “But this is a pioneering study,” he said, with more work now needed. He said the differences might reflect short-term exposure before the blood samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic-lined coffee cup, or wearing a plastic face mask.

ONE OF THE MAIN SOURCES OF FOOD WORLDWIDE...PERMANENTLY UNDER THREAT?!

Reproduced from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/10/un-ocean-treaty-is-once-in-a-lifetime-chance-to-protect-the-high-seas?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other The world has a “once in a lifetime” chance to protect the high seas from exploitation, warned scientists and environmentalists, as negotiators meet at the UN headquarters in New York this week to hammer out a new treaty on the oceans. One scientist described the treaty, which will set out a legal framework to protect biodiversity and govern the high seas, as the most significant ocean protection agreement for four decades. “It’s extremely important it happens now,” said Prof Alex Rogers, science director of Rev Ocean, an ocean research NGO. “We’ve continued to see industrialisation of areas beyond national boundaries, including distant-water fishing and potentially deep-sea mining.”

BRAZIL: A TROPICAL COUNTRY WHERE PREVENTION AGAINST HEAVY RAINS IS VERY PRECARIOUS OR NON-EXISTENT

Deadly landslides wreak havoc in Brazil's Petrópolis: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-60401611

44 were found dead, up to two pm (today, 16th February); many people are still missing!

AMAZON, FLYING RIVERS, ENEAS SALATI...

OBITUARY: the Brazilian scientist who studied for years the importance of Amazon forest preservation and its effect on climate in center and south of South America has passed away. It is always in time to watch: https://youtu.be/DRMgDZTHjf4

ON EVOLUTIONARY PARADIGM "ALLEATORY MUTATIONS"... IN DOUBT(?!)

https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/essential-genes-protected-from-mutations-69643

NANOPLASTICS: FROM NORTH TO SOUTH POLES

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jan/21/nanoplastic-pollution-found-at-both-of-earths-poles-for-first-time?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

LEAR BLUE MACAWS UNDER RISKS!

This type of bird, the lear blue macaw, exists only in Bahia. In the last four years, at least 50 birds have been electrocuted. This is because the bird has a long tail. In this way, the animal rests with the scrooshes on an electric wire, but ends up touching the tail on other cables, which creates an electrical discharge. Environmentalists are fighting to prevent the bird from disappearing.

They live close to 12 cities in a region of caatinga ecosystem called 'Raso da Catarina' in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. In this video we see the ilustration of how they are electrocuted. Prosecutors requested from the state electricity company a solution to the problem. https://noticias.r7.com/jr-na-tv/videos/mortes-por-choque-eletrico-podem-levar-a-extincao-um-tipo-raro-de-arara-azul-18012022